{"id":4796,"date":"2021-04-27T12:12:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T12:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/?p=4796"},"modified":"2021-05-09T16:49:45","modified_gmt":"2021-05-09T16:49:45","slug":"work-breakdown-structures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/","title":{"rendered":"Work Breakdown Structures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This article is about how to apply Work Breakdown Structures to engineering development and construction projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Before we start<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To clarify the terms: the work breakdown structure is also called the project structure plan (PSP). Before the approach or method for creating a work breakdown structure is presented, here are a few points for general classification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a Work Breakdown Structure?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a rule-based hierarchical representation of project goals, phases, product components and tasks or actions. A work breakdown structure is used in projects as an aid to structuring project content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why do you need a Work Breakdown Structure?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A work breakdown structure is always required when a project takes on a scale and complexity that is no longer easy to survey. This is the case, for example, when many people are working on a project and there are dependencies between the work results. The WBS is the basic skeleton of the project and enables the project team and suppliers to have an objective view of the work steps required in a project or a project section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Character of the Work Breakdown Structure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A work breakdown structure can have different levels of detail. This depends on the complexity of the respective sub-step. It may also be necessary to revise a WBS during the course of the project - i.e. expand, change or reduce it. If, for example, the product structure is worked out in a development process in the first phases of the project, it can only be included in the WBS later and the corresponding work steps assigned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is my project to small for a Work Breakdown Structure?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The answer is: unlikely. It doesn't take long to set up a WBS. In principle, at the beginning it is a kind of checklist for project planning (and thus, among other things, an instrument for risk management, here an <a href=\"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/risks-in-engineering-design-projects\/\">article regarding risks in projects<\/a>), which during its creation in most cases leads to work steps that have not yet been considered being recognized and can be taken into account. If this is not the case and the project is structured very simply, then the WBS may be obsolete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Method of creation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In general, a work breakdown structure can be freely designed. The following classification criteria, which can also be combined with one another, are common:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Project phases<\/li><li>Sub-tasks or sub-projects<\/li><li>Work content<\/li><li>Product structure<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>When mixing the classification criteria, care must be taken not to include duplicate content in the work breakdown structure or the WBS. This can be avoided if only one criterion is used, but this does not make sense for larger projects. There can be sub-tasks where the usage of a different criteria are useful than in the rest of the project. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In development and construction, a WBS should contain information from the following areas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Project target (most common the top node of the WBS) <\/li><li>Project phases<\/li><li>Product structure<\/li><li>Engineering process<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The different information from these elements is assigned to the levels of the hierarchy. The number of levels can be freely selected; 4 levels are defined below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Level<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Content<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>Product (Overall System)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Main elements of the product as well as a summary of cross-element processing steps, such as test and validation, project management, data organization<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>Sub-elements to level 3, both with regard to the product components and the overarching processing steps<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>Work packages for the product elements (alternatively: further breakdown of the product structure, but the lowest level of the WBS should always contain work packages)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Ebenen der Work Breakdown Structure<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In individual cases, work packages can already be settled at higher levels - depending on the complexity of the sub-step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Work Breakdown Structure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A company wants to develop a machine that automatically regrinds punching tools. So far there is no comparable product, but we already have a vague idea of \u200b\u200bwhat this grinding machine could look like, i.e. what elements it will essentially consist of. The aim of the project is to develop a prototype and provide proof of functionality. In this case, the work breakdown structure could look like this (the image can be moved with the mouse and the zoom can be changed with the mouse wheel):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"overflow:auto;\">\n<span>Zoom: <\/span><span id=\"zoomValue\">1<\/span>\n<div id=\"svgContainer\">\n<svg id=\"svgImage\" height=\"600\" width=\"800\">\n    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" fill-opacity=\"1\" color-rendering=\"auto\" color-interpolation=\"auto\" text-rendering=\"auto\" stroke=\"black\" stroke-linecap=\"square\" width=\"3982\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" shape-rendering=\"auto\" stroke-opacity=\"1\" fill=\"black\" stroke-dasharray=\"none\" font-weight=\"normal\" stroke-width=\"1\" height=\"599\" font-family=\"'Dialog'\" font-style=\"normal\" stroke-linejoin=\"miter\" font-size=\"12px\" stroke-dashoffset=\"0\" image-rendering=\"auto\">\n  <!--Generated by ySVG 2.5-->\n  <defs id=\"genericDefs\"\/>\n  <g>\n    <defs id=\"defs1\">\n      <clipPath clipPathUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" id=\"clipPath1\">\n        <path d=\"M0 0 L3982 0 L3982 599 L0 599 L0 0 Z\"\/>\n      <\/clipPath>\n      <clipPath clipPathUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" id=\"clipPath2\">\n        <path d=\"M-194 -15 L3788 -15 L3788 584 L-194 584 L-194 -15 Z\"\/>\n      <\/clipPath>\n    <\/defs>\n    <g fill=\"white\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"translate(194,15)\" stroke=\"white\">\n      <rect x=\"-194\" width=\"3982\" height=\"599\" y=\"-15\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"1758.25\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"0\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1795.7256\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"30.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">Grinding Machine<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1758.25\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"0\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"2183.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2216.6484\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"121.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">6 Workpiece fixture<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"2183.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"2561.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2614.3096\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"121.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">7 Tool head<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"2561.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"-178.711\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"-154.5772\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"121.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">1 Project Management<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"-178.711\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"149.3945\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"188.5341\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"121.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">2 Documentation<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"149.3945\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"619.25\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"679.4043\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"121.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">3 Control<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"619.25\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"1233.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1275.9766\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"121.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">4 Power Supply<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1233.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"1758.25\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1815.7324\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"121.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">5 Housing<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1758.25\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"3223\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"3276.8145\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"121.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">8 Prototype<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"3223\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"91.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"3131.4796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"3172.6201\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">8.2 Manufacture<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"3131.4796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"3320.4796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"3368.6279\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">8.3 Assemble<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"3320.4796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"3509.4796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"3572.3027\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">8.4 Test<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"3509.4796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"3603.9796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"3643.7842\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"355.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">8.4.2 Realization<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"3603.9796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"3603.9796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"3648.4541\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"284.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">8.4.1 Definition<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"3603.9796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"1044.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1092.6455\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">4.1 Interfaces<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1044.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"1233.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1275.9678\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">4.2 Engineering<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1233.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"1422.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1468.6387\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">4.3 Integration<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1422.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"1616.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1673.6572\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">5.1 Frame<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1616.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"1900\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1958.4873\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">5.2 Cover<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1900\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"243.8945\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"304.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"252.0117\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"334.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">2.3 Engineering Calculations<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"243.8945\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"304.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"243.8945\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"233.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"268.0341\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"263.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">2.2 Proof of conformity<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"243.8945\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"233.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"243.8945\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"162.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"298.708\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"192.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">2.1 Manual<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"243.8945\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"162.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"517.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"-83.7579\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"547.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">1.5 Requirements Management<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"517.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"446.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"-59.4034\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"476.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">1.4 Work Organization<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"446.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"375.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"-58.0792\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"405.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">1.4 Data Organization<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"375.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"304.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"-38.4005\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"334.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">1.3 Controlling<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"304.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"477.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"525.9824\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">3.1 Hardware<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"477.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"761\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"811.8145\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">3.2 Software<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"761\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"2467\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2512.1484\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">7.1 Kinematics<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"2467\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(0,204,255)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(0,204,255)\">\n      <rect x=\"2656\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2711.8154\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">7.2 Design<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"2656\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"572\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"619.1406\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"284.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">3.1.1 Concept<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"572\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"855.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"888.9766\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"355.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">3.2.2 Programming<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"855.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"855.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"902.6406\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"284.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">3.2.1 Concept<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"855.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"233.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"-52.7354\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"263.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">1.2 Design Reviews<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"233.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"162.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"-65.7491\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"192.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">1.1 Process organization<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"-84.211\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"162.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"2467\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"274.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2514.1406\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"304.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">7.1.1 Concept<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"2467\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"274.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"2750.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2767.6201\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"355.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">7.2.2 Engineering Design<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"2750.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"2750.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2797.6406\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"284.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">7.2.1 Concept<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"2750.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"2942.4796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2949.9463\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"213.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">8.1 Procurement of materials<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"2942.4796\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"183\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"1139\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1157.1162\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"355.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">4.1.2 Engineering design<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1139\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"1139\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1186.1406\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"284.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">4.1.1 Concept<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1139\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"1711\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1729.1162\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"355.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">5.1.2 Engineering design<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1711\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"1711\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"1758.1406\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"284.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">5.1.1 Concept<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1711\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"1994.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2012.6162\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"355.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">5.2.2 Engineering design<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1994.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"1994.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2041.6406\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"284.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">5.2.1 Concept<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"1994.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"254\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"2278\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"233.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2301.1201\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"263.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">6.2 Engineering design<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"2278\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"233.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"2278\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"162.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"2330.1445\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"192.7139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">6.1 Concept<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"2278\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"162.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"572\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"590.1162\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"355.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">3.1.2 Engineering design<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"572\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"325\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g fill=\"rgb(255,204,153)\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke=\"rgb(255,204,153)\">\n      <rect x=\"855.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"396\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <g text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" stroke-miterlimit=\"1.45\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,194,15)\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\">\n      <text x=\"913.3193\" xml:space=\"preserve\" y=\"426.2139\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\">3.2.3 Test<\/text>\n      <rect fill=\"none\" x=\"855.5\" width=\"169\" height=\"51\" y=\"396\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1842.75 51 L1842.75 71.5 L2268 71.5 L2268 83.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M2268 91.5 L2273 79.5 L2268 82.5 L2263 79.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1842.75 51 L1842.75 71.5 L2646 71.5 L2646 83.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M2646 91.5 L2651 79.5 L2646 82.5 L2641 79.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1842.75 51 L1842.75 71.5 L-94.211 71.5 L-94.211 83.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M-94.211 91.5 L-89.211 79.5 L-94.211 82.5 L-99.211 79.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1842.75 51 L1842.75 71.5 L233.8945 71.5 L233.8945 83.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M233.8945 91.5 L238.8945 79.5 L233.8945 82.5 L228.8945 79.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1842.75 51 L1842.75 71.5 L703.75 71.5 L703.75 83.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M703.75 91.5 L708.75 79.5 L703.75 82.5 L698.75 79.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1842.75 51 L1842.75 71.5 L1318 71.5 L1318 83.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1318 91.5 L1323 79.5 L1318 82.5 L1313 79.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1842.75 51 L1842.75 71.5 L1842.75 71.5 L1842.75 83.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1842.75 91.5 L1847.75 79.5 L1842.75 82.5 L1837.75 79.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1842.75 51 L1842.75 71.5 L3307.5 71.5 L3307.5 83.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M3307.5 91.5 L3312.5 79.5 L3307.5 82.5 L3302.5 79.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M3307.5 142.5 L3307.5 163 L3213 163 L3213.7869 175.0171\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M3214.3098 183 L3218.5146 170.6988 L3213.7214 174.0193 L3208.5361 171.3525 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M3307.5 142.5 L3307.5 163 L3404.9795 163 L3404.9795 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M3404.9795 183 L3409.9795 171 L3404.9795 174 L3399.9795 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M3307.5 142.5 L3307.5 163 L3593.9795 163 L3593.9795 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M3593.9795 183 L3598.9795 171 L3593.9795 174 L3588.9795 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M3593.9795 234 L3593.9795 350.5 L3595.9795 350.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M3603.9795 350.5 L3591.9795 345.5 L3594.9795 350.5 L3591.9795 355.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M3593.9795 234 L3593.9795 279.5 L3595.9795 279.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M3603.9795 279.5 L3591.9795 274.5 L3594.9795 279.5 L3591.9795 284.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1318 142.5 L1318 163 L1129 163 L1129 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1129 183 L1134 171 L1129 174 L1124 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1318 142.5 L1318 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1318 183 L1323 171 L1318 174 L1313 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1318 142.5 L1318 163 L1507 163 L1507 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1507 183 L1512 171 L1507 174 L1502 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1842.75 142.5 L1842.75 163 L1701 163 L1701 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1701 183 L1706 171 L1701 174 L1696 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1842.75 142.5 L1842.75 163 L1984.5 163 L1984.5 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1984.5 183 L1989.5 171 L1984.5 174 L1979.5 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M233.8945 142.5 L233.8945 330 L235.8945 330\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M243.8945 330 L231.8945 325 L234.8945 330 L231.8945 335 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M233.8945 142.5 L233.8945 259 L235.8945 259\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M243.8945 259 L231.8945 254 L234.8945 259 L231.8945 264 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M233.8945 142.5 L233.8945 188 L235.8945 188\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M243.8945 188 L231.8945 183 L234.8945 188 L231.8945 193 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M-94.211 142.5 L-94.211 543 L-92.211 543\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M-84.211 543 L-96.211 538 L-93.211 543 L-96.211 548 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M-94.211 142.5 L-94.211 472 L-92.211 472\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M-84.211 472 L-96.211 467 L-93.211 472 L-96.211 477 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M-94.211 142.5 L-94.211 401 L-92.211 401\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M-84.211 401 L-96.211 396 L-93.211 401 L-96.211 406 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M-94.211 142.5 L-94.211 330 L-92.211 330\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M-84.211 330 L-96.211 325 L-93.211 330 L-96.211 335 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M703.75 142.5 L703.75 163 L562 163 L562 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M562 183 L567 171 L562 174 L557 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M703.75 142.5 L703.75 163 L845.5 163 L845.5 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M845.5 183 L850.5 171 L845.5 174 L840.5 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M2646 142.5 L2646 163 L2551.5 163 L2551.5 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M2551.5 183 L2556.5 171 L2551.5 174 L2546.5 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M2646 142.5 L2646 163 L2740.5 163 L2740.5 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M2740.5 183 L2745.5 171 L2740.5 174 L2735.5 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M562 234 L562 279.5 L564 279.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M572 279.5 L560 274.5 L563 279.5 L560 284.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M845.5 234 L845.5 350.5 L847.5 350.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M855.5 350.5 L843.5 345.5 L846.5 350.5 L843.5 355.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M845.5 234 L845.5 279.5 L847.5 279.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M855.5 279.5 L843.5 274.5 L846.5 279.5 L843.5 284.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M-94.211 142.5 L-94.211 259 L-92.211 259\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M-84.211 259 L-96.211 254 L-93.211 259 L-96.211 264 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M-94.211 142.5 L-94.211 188 L-92.211 188\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M-84.211 188 L-96.211 183 L-93.211 188 L-96.211 193 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M2551.5 234 L2551.5 266.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M2551.5 274.5 L2556.5 262.5 L2551.5 265.5 L2546.5 262.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M2740.5 234 L2740.5 350.5 L2742.5 350.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M2750.5 350.5 L2738.5 345.5 L2741.5 350.5 L2738.5 355.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M2740.5 234 L2740.5 279.5 L2742.5 279.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M2750.5 279.5 L2738.5 274.5 L2741.5 279.5 L2738.5 284.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M3307.5 142.5 L3307.5 163 L3026.9795 163 L3026.9795 175\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M3026.9795 183 L3031.9795 171 L3026.9795 174 L3021.9795 171 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1129 234 L1129 350.5 L1131 350.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1139 350.5 L1127 345.5 L1130 350.5 L1127 355.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1129 234 L1129 279.5 L1131 279.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1139 279.5 L1127 274.5 L1130 279.5 L1127 284.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1701 234 L1701 350.5 L1703 350.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1711 350.5 L1699 345.5 L1702 350.5 L1699 355.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1701 234 L1701 279.5 L1703 279.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1711 279.5 L1699 274.5 L1702 279.5 L1699 284.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1984.5 234 L1984.5 350.5 L1986.5 350.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1994.5 350.5 L1982.5 345.5 L1985.5 350.5 L1982.5 355.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M1984.5 234 L1984.5 279.5 L1986.5 279.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M1994.5 279.5 L1982.5 274.5 L1985.5 279.5 L1982.5 284.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M2268 142.5 L2268 259 L2270 259\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M2278 259 L2266 254 L2269 259 L2266 264 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M2268 142.5 L2268 188 L2270 188\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M2278 188 L2266 183 L2269 188 L2266 193 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M562 234 L562 350.5 L564 350.5\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M572 350.5 L560 345.5 L563 350.5 L560 355.5 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <path fill=\"none\" d=\"M845.5 234 L845.5 428.1632 L847.5198 428.0208\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M855.5 427.4581 L843.178 423.3146 L846.5223 428.0912 L843.8814 433.2898 Z\" clip-path=\"url(#clipPath2)\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n  <\/g>\n<\/svg>\n\n   <\/svg>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script>\nconst svgImage = document.getElementById(\"svgImage\");\nconst svgContainer = document.getElementById(\"svgContainer\");\n\nvar viewBox = {x:0,y:0,w:svgImage.clientWidth,h:svgImage.clientHeight};\nsvgImage.setAttribute('viewBox', `${viewBox.x} ${viewBox.y} ${viewBox.w} ${viewBox.h}`);\nconst svgSize = {w:svgImage.clientWidth,h:svgImage.clientHeight};\nvar isPanning = false;\nvar startPoint = {x:0,y:0};\nvar endPoint = {x:0,y:0};;\nvar scale = 1;\n\nsvgContainer.onmousewheel = function(e) {\n   e.preventDefault();\n   var w = viewBox.w;\n   var h = viewBox.h;\n   var mx = e.offsetX;\/\/mouse x  \n   var my = e.offsetY;    \n   var dw = w*Math.sign(e.deltaY)*0.05;\n   var dh = h*Math.sign(e.deltaY)*0.05;\n   var dx = dw*mx\/svgSize.w;\n   var dy = dh*my\/svgSize.h;\n   viewBox = {x:viewBox.x+dx,y:viewBox.y+dy,w:viewBox.w-dw,h:viewBox.h-dh};\n   scale = svgSize.w\/viewBox.w;\n   zoomValue.innerText = `${Math.round(scale*100)\/100}`;\n   svgImage.setAttribute('viewBox', `${viewBox.x} ${viewBox.y} ${viewBox.w} ${viewBox.h}`);\n}\n\n\nsvgContainer.onmousedown = function(e){\n   isPanning = true;\n   startPoint = {x:e.x,y:e.y};   \n}\n\nsvgContainer.onmousemove = function(e){\n   if (isPanning){\n  endPoint = {x:e.x,y:e.y};\n  var dx = (startPoint.x - endPoint.x)\/scale;\n  var dy = (startPoint.y - endPoint.y)\/scale;\n  var movedViewBox = {x:viewBox.x+dx,y:viewBox.y+dy,w:viewBox.w,h:viewBox.h};\n  svgImage.setAttribute('viewBox', `${movedViewBox.x} ${movedViewBox.y} ${movedViewBox.w} ${movedViewBox.h}`);\n   }\n}\n\nsvgContainer.onmouseup = function(e){\n   if (isPanning){ \n  endPoint = {x:e.x,y:e.y};\n  var dx = (startPoint.x - endPoint.x)\/scale;\n  var dy = (startPoint.y - endPoint.y)\/scale;\n  viewBox = {x:viewBox.x+dx,y:viewBox.y+dy,w:viewBox.w,h:viewBox.h};\n  svgImage.setAttribute('viewBox', `${viewBox.x} ${viewBox.y} ${viewBox.w} ${viewBox.h}`);\n  isPanning = false;\n   }\n}\n\nsvgContainer.onmouseleave = function(e){\n isPanning = false;\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p>The steps listed here are examples and of course depend on which development steps are typically implemented in a company. On the basis of a well-developed WBS, it is also possible to outsource work to external suppliers, since the interfaces are then already well defined.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article is about how to apply the method of work breakdown structures in engineering design or product development projects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4799,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-how-to","category-project-management","infinite-scroll-item","masonry-post","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Work Breakdown Structures &#8226; pickedshares Engineering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to create a work breakdown structure for your engineering design or product development project? An explanation including an example.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Work Breakdown Structures &#8226; pickedshares Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to create a work breakdown structure for your engineering design or product development project? An explanation including an example.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"pickedshares\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-27T12:12:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-05-09T16:49:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wbs_en.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"824\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"418\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wbs_en.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@pickedshares\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@pickedshares\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6c617a6a61de9623da53f74a56810033\"},\"headline\":\"Work Breakdown Structures\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-27T12:12:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-09T16:49:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":816,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/wbs_en.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"How-to\",\"Project Management\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/\",\"name\":\"Work Breakdown Structures &#8226; pickedshares Engineering\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/wbs_en.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-27T12:12:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-05-09T16:49:45+00:00\",\"description\":\"How to create a work breakdown structure for your engineering design or product development project? An explanation including an example.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/wbs_en.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/wbs_en.png\",\"width\":824,\"height\":418},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/work-breakdown-structures\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How-to\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/category\\\/how-to\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Project Management\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/category\\\/how-to\\\/project-management\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Work Breakdown Structures\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"pickedshares\",\"description\":\"Engineering Design, Project Management, Tools and Exercises\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"pickedshares.com\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\",\"caption\":\"pickedshares.com\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/pickedshares\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/pickedshares\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCSh8qo2-6dhtbZqSLStt3Rg\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6c617a6a61de9623da53f74a56810033\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/948d17e3c131a29d2f00c792d96bb1899342a69d8ccda0673ef9089a0988b3bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/948d17e3c131a29d2f00c792d96bb1899342a69d8ccda0673ef9089a0988b3bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/948d17e3c131a29d2f00c792d96bb1899342a69d8ccda0673ef9089a0988b3bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pickedshares.com\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Work Breakdown Structures &#8226; pickedshares Engineering","description":"How to create a work breakdown structure for your engineering design or product development project? An explanation including an example.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Work Breakdown Structures &#8226; pickedshares Engineering","og_description":"How to create a work breakdown structure for your engineering design or product development project? An explanation including an example.","og_url":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/","og_site_name":"pickedshares","article_published_time":"2021-04-27T12:12:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-05-09T16:49:45+00:00","og_image":[{"width":824,"height":418,"url":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wbs_en.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_image":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wbs_en.png","twitter_creator":"@pickedshares","twitter_site":"@pickedshares","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/6c617a6a61de9623da53f74a56810033"},"headline":"Work Breakdown Structures","datePublished":"2021-04-27T12:12:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-05-09T16:49:45+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/"},"wordCount":816,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wbs_en.png","articleSection":["How-to","Project Management"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/","url":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/","name":"Work Breakdown Structures &#8226; pickedshares Engineering","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wbs_en.png","datePublished":"2021-04-27T12:12:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-05-09T16:49:45+00:00","description":"How to create a work breakdown structure for your engineering design or product development project? An explanation including an example.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wbs_en.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/wbs_en.png","width":824,"height":418},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/work-breakdown-structures\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How-to","item":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/category\/how-to\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Project Management","item":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/category\/how-to\/project-management\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Work Breakdown Structures"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/","name":"pickedshares","description":"Engineering Design, Project Management, Tools and Exercises","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/#organization","name":"pickedshares.com","url":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"","contentUrl":"","caption":"pickedshares.com"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/pickedshares","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/pickedshares\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCSh8qo2-6dhtbZqSLStt3Rg"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/6c617a6a61de9623da53f74a56810033","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/948d17e3c131a29d2f00c792d96bb1899342a69d8ccda0673ef9089a0988b3bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/948d17e3c131a29d2f00c792d96bb1899342a69d8ccda0673ef9089a0988b3bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/948d17e3c131a29d2f00c792d96bb1899342a69d8ccda0673ef9089a0988b3bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pickedshares.com"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4796"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5204,"href":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4796\/revisions\/5204"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickedshares.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}